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Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
Explanation →
Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
Explanation →
Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
Explanation →
Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
Explanation →
Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
Explanation →
Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
Explanation →
Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
Explanation →
Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
Explanation →
More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Sequenator is an automatic machine to determine amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain. The reagent used in sequenator is
Ans → Edman’s reagent
Explanation →
Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The process by which DNA from one organism is cut and new pieces of foreign DNA from a second organism are inserted,
Ans → recombinant DNA technology
Explanation →
Q. Name the formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Ans → hematopoiesis
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Q. Name the formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Ans → hematopoiesis
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Q. The vehicles for the transport of lipids from the intestinal lumen to the membrane of mucosal cells
Ans → Mixed micelles
Explanation →
Q. Characteristic angle of slope formed with the horizontal by the side of a static conical mound of powder.
Ans → angle of repose
Explanation →
Q. What is the name of the condition in which there is blood in the urine
Ans → hematuria
Explanation →
Q. Name the bond that forms between the hydroxyl groups of two sugar molecules
Ans → glycosidic bond
Explanation →
Q. White blood cells of various types, including granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes
Ans → leukocytes
Explanation →
Q. A lymphoid cells that recognize and destroy abnormal target cells by inducing apoptosis
Ans → natural killer cells (NK cells)
Explanation →
Q. An instrument used to measure the amount of rotation of plane polarized light by a compound, generally prepared in a solution
Ans → polarimeter
Explanation →
Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
Explanation →
Q. Fourth stage of disease, during which the number of pathogens present in the host decreases, along with signs and symptoms of disease
Ans → period of decline
Explanation →
Q. A type of endocytosis in which extracellular ligands are targeted to specific cells through their binding to specific cell surface receptors
Ans → receptor-mediated endocytosis
Explanation →
Q. Name the class of antifungal drugs that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis
Ans → imidazoles
Explanation →
Q. The bonds responsible for a majority of high-energy compounds are
Ans → Phosphoanhydride bonds
Explanation →
Q. Name the enzyme that unwinds DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs, using ATP
Ans → helicase
Explanation →
Q. An unstable and toxic ions and molecules derived from partial reduction of oxygen
Ans → reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Explanation →
Q. Powder formulation in which individual doses of a powdered dosage form are separately wrapped
Ans → divided powder
Explanation →
Q. The copper containing protein involved for the conversion of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) in the plasma
Ans → Ceruloplasmin
Explanation →
Q. The process by which proteins lose their 3-D (tertiary and secondary) structure by application of an external stress, most often heat.
Ans → Denatured
Explanation →
Q. The sideways projection of a carbon-carbon single bond and the attached substituents.
Ans → sawhorse projection
Explanation →
Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. What is the name of the condition in which there is blood in the urine
Ans → hematuria
Explanation →