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Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
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Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
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Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
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Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
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Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
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Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
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Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
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Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
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Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
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Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
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Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
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More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Name the bond that forms between the hydroxyl groups of two sugar molecules
Ans → glycosidic bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. Emulsions in which the dispersed droplets are in the micron-size range.
Ans → microemulsions
Explanation →
Q. The power of a microscope (or lens) to produce an image that appears larger than the actual specimen, expressed as a factor of the actual size
Ans → magnification
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Q. Technological process consisting of the application of a substance, which forms a layer e.g, to protect the drug
Ans → coating
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Q. The space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane, primarily in gram-negative bacteria
Ans → periplasmic space
Explanation →
Q. A glycoprotein expressed only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and involved in the presentation of foreign antigens from pathogens ingested by phagocytosis
Ans → MHC II molecule
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Q. Lipid molecules with attached sugars that are found as components of gram-negative outer membranes
Ans → lipopolysaccharide
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Q. Memberane-body antibody monomer functioning as receptor on the surface of B cells
Ans → IgD
Explanation →
Q. A chemical processes in which the proportion of more electronegative substituents is decreased, or the charge is made more negative, or the oxidation number is lowered.
Ans → reduction
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Q. An enzyme of purine metabolism associated with immunodeficiency disease
Ans → Adenosine deaminase
Explanation →
Q. Destruction or removal of microorganisms in or about an object, e.g., by steam, chemical agents (alcohol, phenol, ethylene oxide gas), high-velocity electron bombardment, gamma or ultraviolet light radiation or filtration.
Ans → sterilization
Explanation →
Q. The joint effect of two or more drugs such that the combined effect is less than the sum of the effects produced by each agent separately.
Ans → Antagonism
Explanation →
Q. Virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases or injuries in humans and/or animals.
Ans → biological product
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Q. A process in which the forward reaction can reach an equilibrium with the reverse reaction.
Ans → reversible process
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Q. The most important enzyme involved in oxidative deamination is
Ans → Glutamate dehydrogenase
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Q. A term applied to the combination of molecules of a substance with one another to form more complex systems.
Ans → association
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Q. The lipids that possess both hydrophobic (non -polar) and hydrophilic (polar) groups are known as
Ans → amphipathic
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Q. A polypeptide composed of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.
Ans → Proteins
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Q. Leukocytes found in the peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules
Ans → granulocytes
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Q. An unstable and toxic ions and molecules derived from partial reduction of oxygen
Ans → reactive oxygen species (ROS)
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Q. A ligand that binds to a receptor and alters the receptor state resulting in a biological response.
Ans → Agonist
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Q. When a substance, called a solvent, is added to a suspension to reduce the concentration.
Ans → dilution
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Q. Science of preparation of drugs, dosage forms, and drug delivery systems taking into account the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug as well as its physical and chemical properties.
Ans → pharmaceutics
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Q. If two monosaccharides differ in configuration around a single carbon atom, they are known as
Ans → Epimers
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Q. Dry solid material consisting of many, usually free flowing, fine particles.
Ans → powder
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Q. N-Acetylglutamate is required for the activation of the enzyme
Ans → Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I
Explanation →
Q. Name the cell envelope structure outside the cell wall in some bacteria that allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces,
Ans → glycocalyx
Explanation →
Q. A rare form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy endemic to Papua New Guinea
Ans → kuru
Explanation →