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Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
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Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
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Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
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Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
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Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
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Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
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Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
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Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
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Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
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Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
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Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
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Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
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Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
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Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
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Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
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Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
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Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
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Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
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Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
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More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. The vitamin that is regarded as a vitamin in search of a disease
Ans → Vitamin E (tocopherol)
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Q. The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways result in the formation of a common activated factor
Ans → Staurt factor
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Q. The shorter identical peptide chains of an antibody molecule (two per antibody monomer), composed of variable and constant region segments
Ans → light chains
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Q. Name the capillary bed in the nephron of the kidney that filters blood to form urine
Ans → glomerulus
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Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Test in which antigen and antisera are added to neighboring wells in an agar gel, allowing visualization of precipitin arcs
Ans → Ouchterlony assay
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Q. Visible clumping of red blood cells that can be caused by some viruses, bacteria, and certain diseases in which antibodies
Ans → hemagglutination
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
Explanation →
Q. Name the type of kidney infection involving the glomeruli of the nephrons
Ans → glomerulonephritis
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Q. Cytokines released by cells that have been infected with a virus; stimulate antiviral responses in nearby cells as well as the cells secreting the interferons
Ans → interferons
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Q. Name the chronic bacterial infection of peripheral nervous tissues caused by the acid-fast bacterium,
Ans → Hansen’s Disease
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Q. A rare form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy endemic to Papua New Guinea
Ans → kuru
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Q. Kinetic model, where the whole body is thought of as a single compartment in which a substance is dis- tributed rapidly, achieving an equilibrium between blood and tissue immediately.
Ans → one-compartment model
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Q. Molecules that contain groups with characteristically different properties, e.g., both hydrophilic and lipophilic (hydrophobic) properties.
Ans → amphiphilic
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Q. Continued substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by use of the substance
Ans → Addiction
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Q. The difference between plasma and serum is the presence or absence of
Ans → Fibrinogen
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Q. Emulsions in which the dispersed droplets are in the micron-size range.
Ans → microemulsions
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Q. Name the class of antibacterials that inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan subunits and blocking their insertion into the cell wall backbone.
Ans → glycopeptides
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Q. The third stage of acute disease, during which the number of pathogens present in the host is greatest and the signs and symptoms of disease are most severe
Ans → period of illness
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Q. When the forward and reverse rates are equal in a chemical reaction.
Ans → equilibrium
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Q. The inorganic element found in the structure of majority of high-energy compounds
Ans → Phosphorus
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Q. A reaction between an acid and a base that results in salt and water.
Ans → neutralization reaction
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Q. Antihelminthic drug of the benzimidazole class that binds to helminthic β-tubulin, preventing microtubule formation
Ans → mebendazole
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Q. The disease in which very high amount of tryptophan (nearly 60%) is converted to serotonin is
Ans → Malignant carcinoid syndrome
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Q. A polymer assembled from of individual units, monomers, that bind together like building blocks
Ans → macromolecule
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Q. The phenomenon of disorganization of native protein structure is known as
Ans → Denaturation
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Q. Leukocytes found in the peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules
Ans → granulocytes
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Q. The mammalian enzyme with the shortest half-life (about 10 minutes) is
Ans → Ornithine decarboxylase
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Q. The copper containing protein involved for the conversion of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) in the plasma
Ans → Ceruloplasmin
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Q. An infection of the external ear canal, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; often called swimmer’s ear
Ans → otitis externa
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Q. Leukocytes found in the peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules
Ans → granulocytes
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Q. The prefix sn used to represent glycerol, sn stands for
Ans → Stereospecific number
Explanation →