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The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
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Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
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Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
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Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
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Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
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Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
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Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
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Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
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Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
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Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
Explanation →
Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
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Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
Explanation →
Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
Explanation →
Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
Explanation →
Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
Explanation →
Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
Explanation →
Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
Explanation →
More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Name the type of symbiosis in which one population benefits while harming the other parasitology the study of parasites
Ans → parasitism
Explanation →
Q. When a complex is formed between a metal ion and an a ligand in solution, the equilibrium may be expressed by a constant which is related to the free energy change for the process
Ans → stability constant
Explanation →
Q. The member of the quinolone family that functions by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication
Ans → nalidixic acid
Explanation →
Q. When a complex is formed between a metal ion and an a ligand in solution, the equilibrium may be expressed by a constant which is related to the free energy change for the process
Ans → stability constant
Explanation →
Q. A Pharmaceutical preparation that releases the drug(s) at a time other than promptly after administration.
Ans →
Explanation →
Q. The vitamin that is regarded as a vitamin in search of a disease
Ans → Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Explanation →
Q. Summary of operations carried out to convert a pharmacologically active compound into a dosage form suitable for administration.
Ans → formulation
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Q. The most important enzyme involved in oxidative deamination is
Ans → Glutamate dehydrogenase
Explanation →
Q. Plasma lipoprotein that is inversely correlated with coronary heart disease is
Ans → HDL
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Isomers that differ in the order the atoms are placed. They have the same number of atoms, just in a different order.
Ans → Constitutional Isomers
Explanation →
Q. The chemical reaction that removes electrons (often as part of H atoms) from donor molecules, leaving them oxidized
Ans → oxidation reaction
Explanation →
Q. The member of the quinolone family that functions by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase, blocking DNA replication
Ans → nalidixic acid
Explanation →
Q. Glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and involved in the presentation of normal “self” antigens and foreign antigens from intracellular pathogens
Ans → MHC I molecule
Explanation →
Q. Lipid molecules with attached sugars that are found as components of gram-negative outer membranes
Ans → lipopolysaccharide
Explanation →
Q. The component of electron transport chain which can directly react with molecular oxygen
Ans → Cytochrome oxidase (cyt a + a3)
Explanation →
Q. Two electrons that are not shared between atoms within a molecule.
Ans → lone pair/unshared pair
Explanation →
Q. The mechanism for making ATP that uses the potential energy stored within an electrochemical gradient to add Pi to ADP
Ans → oxidative phosphorylation
Explanation →
Q. The compound that facilitates the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin
Ans → C1– , H+ , 2, 3-BPG
Explanation →
Q. A herpes infection of the newborn, generally caused by infection during birth
Ans → neonatal herpes
Explanation →
Q. Technological process consisting of the application of a substance, which forms a layer e.g, to protect the drug
Ans → coating
Explanation →
Q. Name the term that refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. Name a property, which serves as basis for the process whereby surfactants are used for the removal of foreign matter from surfaces (including dirt from clothes or body surfaces).
Ans → detergency
Explanation →
Q. Part of the orbital area in an atom where it is impossible to find an electron.
Ans → node
Explanation →
Q. Region of the respiratory tract containing the vocal cords; also referred to as the voice box
Ans → larynx
Explanation →
Q. Name the class of antibacterials that inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan subunits and blocking their insertion into the cell wall backbone.
Ans → glycopeptides
Explanation →
Q. The base pair G-C is more stable and stronger than A-T due to
Ans → 3 Hydrogen bonds
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Q. The process of separation of a racemate into its two enantiomers by means of some chiral agency.
Ans → resolution
Explanation →
Q. Powder particles, which have been aggregated to form larger irregular particles, usually of 0.5–2 mm diameter.
Ans → granules
Explanation →
Q. A rare form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy endemic to Papua New Guinea
Ans → kuru
Explanation →
Q. Name the sialic acid, mostly found in the structure of glycoproteins and glycolipids
Ans → N- Acetylneuraminic acid
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Close, tight aggregation of colloid particles, emulsion droplets, suspension particles, which are difficult to redisperse.
Ans → coagulation
Explanation →