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Inflammation is a critical homeostatic process that is activated by cellular injury regardless of the mechanism of that injury. Inflammation is essentially local in nature, although cellular mediators released during inflammation may initiate systemic responses as well. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is the most extreme form of inflammatory response and may be life-threatening in critically ill patients. This syndrome nearly always occurs in the setting of systemic infection and is termed sepsis. Inflammation is defined as "the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent". It is a body defense reaction in order to eliminate or limit the spread of injurious agents, followed by removal of the necrosed cells and tissues.
Any injury, including an invasion by microorganisms, causes inflammation in the affected area. Inflammation, a complex reaction, results from many different conditions. At the same time, they are helping to eradicate it. Inflammation is the body’s attempt of self-protection; the aim is to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens, and begin the healing process.
1. Physical agents: Heat, cold, radiation, and mechanical trauma.
2. Chemical agents: Organic and inorganic poisons.
3. Infective agents: Bacteria, virus, and their toxins.
4. Immunological agents: Cell-mediated and antigen-antibody reaction.
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