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Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Microbiology Pharmacist Competitive Exams
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
This question is taken from the test/quiz post: Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy - attemp/practice
More oneliners in - Microbiology Important questions (one liners Set - 7) Pharmacy
Q. Name the process producing a mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and/or acetic acid, and CO2 as fermentation products
Ans → heterolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that uses fixed organic carbon compounds as its carbon source
Ans → heterotroph
Explanation →
Q. Name the bacteria that have more than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA
Ans → high G+C gram-positive bacteria
Explanation →
Q. Which bond is formed between the negatively charged phosphate groups that holds a lot of potential energy
Ans → high-energy phosphate bond
Explanation →
Q. Name the large group of antigens bound by antibodies; large enough to settle out of fluid suspension
Ans → immune complex
Explanation →
Q. A staining technique in which cells are fixed and holes dissolved in the membrane to allow passage of labeled antibodies to bind specific intracellular targets
Ans → immunocytochemistry (ICC)
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Q. Technique in which antibody or antigen can be concentrated by passing fluids through porous membranes, and target molecules are captured as they pass
Ans → immunofiltration
Explanation →
Q. Fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
Ans → histoplasmosis
Explanation →
Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
Explanation →
Q. A staining technique in which labeled antibodies are bound to specific cells in a tissue section
Ans → immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Q. DNA-binding proteins found in eukaryotes and archaea that aid in orderly packaging of chromosomal DNA
Ans → histones
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Q. Outside the organism in a test tube or artificial environment is known as
Ans → in vitro
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Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
Explanation →
Q. This refers to protozoans that consume food particles through phagoctytosis
Ans → holozoic
Explanation →
Q. Name the process producing only lactic acid as a fermentation product
Ans → homolactic fermentation
Explanation →
Q. Vaccine composed of whole pathogen cells or viruses that have been killed or inactivated through treatment with heat, radiation, or chemicals
Ans → inactivated vaccine
Explanation →
Q. Name the retrovirus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
Ans → human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation →
Q. The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in a given period of time is called
Ans → incidence
Explanation →
Q. Movement of a pathogen from one host to another population through physical contact or through droplet transmission
Ans → horizontal direct transmission
Explanation →
Q. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns caused by Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted during childbirth is
Ans → inclusion conjunctivitis
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Introduction of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation
Ans → horizontal gene transfer
Explanation →
Q. The first stage of acute disease, during which the pathogen begins multiplying in the host and signs and symptoms are not observable
Ans → incubation period
Explanation →
Q. The successful colonization of a microorganism within a host is called as
Ans → infection
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Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
Q. Serious infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei and spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Ans → human African trypanosomiasis
Explanation →
Q. Proteins that participate in ribosome assembly during initiation
Ans → initiation factors
Explanation →
Q. A group of common sexually transmitted viruses that may be associated with genital warts or with cervical cancer
Ans → human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Name the adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Ans → humoral immunity
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Q. Name the enzyme produced by pathogens that degrades hyaluronic acid between adjacent cells in connective tissue
Ans → hyaluronidase
Explanation →
Q. The stage of replication during which various proteins bind to the origin of replication to begin the replication process
Ans → initiation of DNA replication
Explanation →
Q. The stage of transcription during which RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and transcription begins
Ans → initiation of transcription
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Q. The the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules
Ans → hybridization
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Q. Small number of cells added to medium to start a culture is commonly called
Ans → inoculum
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Q. Type of mutation involving the addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence
Ans → insertion
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Q. The clones of cell produced by fusing a normal B cell with a myeloma cell that is capable of producing monoclonal antibodies indefinitely
Ans → hybridoma
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a polar molecule or portion of a molecule capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophilic
Explanation →
Q. Cytokines largely produced by immune system cells that help coordinate efforts against invading pathogens
Ans → interleukins
Explanation →
Q. Refers to a nonpolar molecule or portion of a molecule not capable of strong attraction to water molecules
Ans → hydrophobic
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Q. A host in which a parasite goes through some stages of its life cycle before migrating to the definitive host
Ans → intermediate host
Explanation →
Q. Potentially damaging immune response against an antigen is called
Ans → hypersensitivity
Explanation →
More one-liners in - Microbiology
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. Continued substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by use of the substance
Ans → Addiction
Explanation →
Q. Name the highly branched storage polysaccharide that is found animal cells and bacteria
Ans → glycogen
Explanation →
Q. Name a microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature close to the temperature of boiling water
Ans → hyperthermophile
Explanation →
Q. A technique that uses a fluorescence microscope and antibody-specific fluorochromes to determine the presence of specific pathogens in a specimen
Ans → immunofluorescence
Explanation →
Q. A bond where elections are equally shared between two atoms.
Ans → nonpolar covalent bond
Explanation →
Q. When parts of the nucleus of atoms are forced together to create a new one.
Ans → nuclear fusion
Explanation →
Q. A term applied to the combination of molecules of a substance with one another to form more complex systems.
Ans → association
Explanation →
Q. An adaptive immune defenses received from another individual or animal
Ans → passive immunity
Explanation →
Q. Procedure for estimating the concentration or biological activity of a substance by measuring its effect on a living system compared to a standard system
Ans → bioassay
Explanation →
Q. Anti-tuberculosis drug, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) leads to the deficiency of vitamin
Ans → Pyridoxine (B6)
Explanation →
Q. Name the types of host cells that a particular virus is able to infect
Ans → host range
Explanation →
Q. Proinflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
Ans → histamine
Explanation →
Q. Crystalline form of a compound in which water molecules are part of the crystal structure.
Ans → hydrate
Explanation →
Q. Name the graph modeling the number of cells in a culture over time
Ans → growth curve
Explanation →
Q. An instrument used to measure the amount of rotation of plane polarized light by a compound, generally prepared in a solution
Ans → polarimeter
Explanation →
Q. Under physiological condition, the DNA structure is predominantly in the form
Ans → β-Form
Explanation →
Q. The fatty acid that is commonly found in the C2 of triacylglycerols is
Ans → Unsaturated fatty acid
Explanation →
Q. Highly contagious and acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus
Ans → influenza
Explanation →
Q. the angle between groups attached on adjacent carbon atoms when viewed in a Newman projection.
Ans → dihedral angle
Explanation →
Q. When a mix of liquids is separated by heating it up because one liquid boils at a different temperature than the other.
Ans → distillation
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Q. The relation between the change of free energy (G), enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) is expressed by the equation
Ans → ΔG = ΔH – TΔS (T = Absolute temperature)
Explanation →
Q. Different crystalline form of a solvated compound that differ in the identity and/or the stoichiometry of the solvating molecule.
Ans → pseudopolymorph
Explanation →
Q. The third stage of acute disease, during which the number of pathogens present in the host is greatest and the signs and symptoms of disease are most severe
Ans → period of illness
Explanation →
Q. When a reaction provides the agents for a subsequent reaction.
Ans → chain reaction
Explanation →
Q. Name the cell envelope structure outside the cell wall in some bacteria that allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces,
Ans → glycocalyx
Explanation →
Q. Name the molecule that slides between the stacked nitrogenous bases of the DNA double helix, potentially resulting in a frameshift mutation
Ans → intercalating agent
Explanation →
Q. The mechanism for making ATP that uses the potential energy stored within an electrochemical gradient to add Pi to ADP
Ans → oxidative phosphorylation
Explanation →
Q. Cholesterol synthesis is controlled by feedback inhibition of the enzyme
Ans → HMG CoA reductase
Explanation →
Q. Name the prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic structures for storing specific nutrients and other resources needed by cells
Ans → inclusions
Explanation →
Q. The the sequencing of genomic fragments from microbial communities, allowing researchers to study genes from a collection of multiple species
Ans → metagenomics
Explanation →
Q. Name the amino acid that directly participates in the synthesis of heme
Ans → Glycine
Explanation →
Q. The movement of chemicals (drugs) into, through, and out of biological organisms or their parts.
Ans → Biotranslocation
Explanation →
Q. Name the organism that grows in the presence of high salt concentration but does not require it
Ans → halotolerant
Explanation →
Q. Properties of a substance that can be observed without using a chemical reaction that would change the substance.
Ans → physical property
Explanation →
Q. An infection of the external ear canal, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; often called swimmer’s ear
Ans → otitis externa
Explanation →
Q. A three-dimensional structure of folded fully functional proteins
Ans → native structure
Explanation →
Q. Dosage form, semi-solid, used for the administration of drugs via the rectal route, for systemic or local effect.
Ans →
Explanation →
Q. Pace at which a drug along with the stomach content leaves and enters the duodenum.
Ans → gastric emptying rate
Explanation →