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Vocabullary of Pharmacy
Here is the related vocabulary words/terms grouped in Pharmacy.
Acid-fast Stain
A stain that differentiates cells that have waxy mycolic acids in their gram-positive cell walls
Acidic Dye
a chromophore with a negative charge that attaches to positively charged structures
Acne
A skin disease in which hair follicles or pores become clogged, leading to the formation of comedones and infected lesions
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (aids)
Disease caused by HIV, characterized by opportunistic infections and rare cancers.
Actin
A protein that polymerizes to form microfilaments.
Activation Energy
Energy needed to form or break chemical bonds and convert a reactant or reactants to a product or products.
Activator
Protein that increases the transcription of a gene in response to an external stimulus.
Active Carrier
An infected individual who can transmit the pathogen to others regardless of whether symptoms are currently present.
Active Immunity
Stimulation of one’s own adaptive immune responses.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney, probably resulting from deposition of immune complexes and an autoimmune response caused by self-antigen mimicry by a pathogen
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
A severe form of gingivitis, also called trench mouth.
Acute Otitis Media
Inflammatory disease of the middle ear resulting from a microbial infection.
Addison Disease
autoimmune disease affecting adrenal gland function
Adenine
purine nitrogenous base found in nucleotides
Adenosine Diphosphate (adp)
nucleotide derivative and relative of ATP containing only one high-energy phosphate bond
Adenosine Monophosphate (amp)
adenine molecule bonded to a ribose molecule and to a single phosphate group, having no high-energy phosphate bonds
Adenosine Triphosphate (atp)
energy currency of the cell; a nucleotide derivative that safely stores chemical energy in its two high-energy phosphate bonds
Adhesion
the capability of microbes to attach to host cells
Aerobic Respiration
use of an oxygen molecule as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport system
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
a method for separating populations of DNA molecules of varying sizes by differential migration rates caused by a voltage gradient through a horizontal gel matrix
Agglutination
binding of different pathogen cells by Fab regions of the same antibody to aggregate and enhance elimination from body
Agranulocytes
leukocytes that lack granules in the cytoplasm
Algae
any of various unicellular and multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms; distinguished from plants by their lack of vascular tissues and organs
Allergen
antigen capable of inducing type I hypersensitivity reaction
Allergy
hypersensitivity response to an allergen
Allosteric Activator
molecule that binds to an enzyme’s allosteric site, increasing the affinity of the enzyme’s active site for the substrate(s)
Amino Acid
a molecule consisting of a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, and an amine group bonded to the same carbon. The group bonded to the carbon varies and is represented by an R in the structural formula
Aminoacyl-trna Synthetase
enzyme that binds to a tRNA molecule and catalyzes the addition of the correct amino acid to the tRNA
Aminoglycosides
protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 30S subunit and interfere with the ribosome’s proofreading ability, leading to the generation of faulty proteins that insert into and disrupt the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane
Amoebiasis
intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica
Amoebic Dysentery
severe form of intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by severe diarrhea with blood and mucus
Amphipathic
a molecule containing both polar and nonpolar parts
Anabolism
chemical reactions that convert simpler molecules into more complex ones
Anaerobe Chamber
closed compartment used to handle and grow obligate anaerobic cultures
Anaerobic Respiration
use of a non-oxygen inorganic molecule, like CO2, nitrate, nitrite, oxidized iron, or sulfate, as the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport system
Annealing
formation of hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide base pairs of two single-stranded complementary nucleic acid sequences
Antibody
Y-shaped glycoprotein molecule produced by B cells that binds to specific epitopes on an antigen
Anticodon
three-nucleotide sequence of a mature tRNA that interacts with an mRNA codon through complementary base pairing
Antigenic Drift
form of slight antigenic variation that occurs because of point mutations in the genes that encode surface proteins
Antigenic Shift
form of major antigenic variation that occurs because of gene reassortment
Antigenic Variation
changing of surface antigens (carbohydrates or proteins) such that they are no longer recognized by the host’s immune system
Antimetabolites
compounds that are competitive inhibitors for bacterial metabolic enzymes
Antimicrobial Drugs
chemical compounds, including naturally produced drugs, semisynthetic derivatives, and synthetic compounds, that target specific microbial structures and enzymes, killing specific microbes or inhibiting their growth
Antimicrobial Peptides (amps)
class of nonspecific, cell-derived chemical mediators with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties
Antisense Rna
small noncoding RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression by binding to mRNA transcripts via complementary base pairing
Antisense Strand
transcription template strand of DNA; the strand that is transcribed for gene expression
Antiseptic
antimicrobial chemical that can be used safely on living tissue
Antiserum
serum obtained from an animal containing antibodies against a particular antigen that was artificially introduced to the animal
Apoenzyme
enzyme without its cofactor or coenzyme
Apoptosis
programmed and organized cell death without lysis of the cell
Arbovirus
any of a variety of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors
Ascocarps
cup-shaped fruiting bodies of an ascomycete fungus
Glossary of Zoology
Vocabulary of Human Anatomy And Physiology
Glossary of Human Anatomy And Physiology
Vocabulary of English Vocabulary
Vocabulary of Botany
Glossary of Botany
Glossary of Geology
Vocabulary of Pharmacology
Glossary of Pharmacology
Vocabulary of Physics
Glossary of Physics
Vocabulary of Pharmaceutics
Glossary of Pharmaceutics
Vocabulary of Biology
Glossary of Biology
Vocabulary of Biochemistry
Glossary of Biochemistry
Glossary of Mathematics
Glossary of Astronomy
Vocabulary of Personality
Vocabulary of Science
Glossary of Science
Vocabulary of Pharmacy
Vocabulary of Microbiology
Glossary of Microbiology
Vocabulary of Organic Chemistry
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