Pharmacology Chapter 1 Revision: Key One-Liner Questions For Pharmacist Exams

Continued substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by use of the substance

Addiction

A ligand that binds to a receptor and alters the receptor state resulting in a biological response.

Agonist

A partial agonist is an agonist that produces a maximal response that is less than the maximal response produced by another agonist acting at the same receptors on the same tissue.

Partial Agonist

A full agonist is an agonist that produces the largest maximal response of any known agonist that acts on the same receptor.

Full Agonist

An inverse agonist is a ligand that by binding to a receptor reduces the fraction of receptors in an active conformation, thereby reducing basal activity.

Inverse Agonist

The amount of change in measured output per unit change in input.

Amplification

A drug that dulls the sense of pain. It differs from an anesthetic agent in that it relieves pain without loss of consciousness.

Analgesic

A drug that causes loss of sensation.

Anesthetic

The joint effect of two or more drugs such that the combined effect is less than the sum of the effects produced by each agent separately.

Antagonism

The determination of the potency of a physical, chemical or biological agent, by means of a biological indicator

Biological Assay

The percent of dose entering the systemic circulation after administration of a given dosage form.

Bioavailability

The science and study of the ways in which the pharmaceutical formulation of administered agents can influence their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviour.

Biopharmaceutics

Chemical alteration of an agent (drug) that occurs by virtue of the sojourn of the agent in a biological system.

Biotransformation

The movement of chemicals (drugs) into, through, and out of biological organisms or their parts.

Biotranslocation

A form of experiment in which the participants are, to some degree, kept ignorant of the nature and doses of materials administered as specific parts of the experiment.

Blind Experiment